Guidelines

Submission guidelines

APA Style (7th edition): guide for authors of Retail Management Review

CEBRAEV · e-ISSN 2763-9495 · Last updated: October 2026

EditionPublication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 7th edition (2020).
CitationsAuthor–date system, in parentheses or in the narrative.
ReferencesAlphabetical list, hanging indent, DOI as a full URL.
Tables and figuresNumbered, titled and cited in the text; no vertical lines.

How to use this guide. It summarizes the APA 7 rules most used at RMR. Where the official RMR template differs (font, spacing, margins, heading levels), the template prevails; those points are flagged below. For cases not covered here, consult the APA Style website or the Publication Manual. Template: alumnijournals.org/rmr/template.

Tap a section to expand or collapse it.
Paper format basics
  • Page and margins: A4, 2.5 cm margins on all sides (RMR template).
  • Font: Times New Roman 12 pt in the body and 10 pt in notes, tables and captions (RMR template).
  • Spacing and alignment: 1.5 line spacing (RMR template; standard APA asks for double spacing); text aligned to the left (ragged right), not justified.
  • Paragraphs: first line indented by 1.25 cm (RMR template); no extra space between paragraphs.
  • Page numbers: follow the template.
  • Anonymization: RMR uses blind review; the main file must not identify the authors. Names, affiliations and acknowledgments go on a separate title page and in the OJS metadata.
Headings (up to three levels)

RMR accepts up to three heading levels (RMR template; APA allows five). Use only as many levels as the text needs, always in order. Do not number headings and do not label the Introduction.

Level 1
FormatCentered, bold, Title Case
ExampleResearch Method
Level 2
FormatFlush left, bold, Title Case
ExampleParticipants and Sampling
Level 3
FormatFlush left, bold italic, Title Case
ExampleSelection Criteria
In-text citations

Use the author–date system. In parentheses, join authors with “&”; in the narrative, use “and”. Every work cited must appear in the reference list, and vice versa.

One author
Parenthetical(Silva, 2024)
NarrativeSilva (2024)
Two authors
Parenthetical(Silva & Costa, 2024)
NarrativeSilva and Costa (2024)
Three or more authors
Parenthetical(Silva et al., 2024)
NarrativeSilva et al. (2024)
Group author with abbreviation
ParentheticalFirst: (Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics [IBGE], 2023). Next: (IBGE, 2023)
NarrativeThe Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics [IBGE] (2023); later, IBGE (2023)
Several works
Parenthetical(Costa, 2020; Silva, 2024), in alphabetical order
NarrativeCosta (2020) and Silva (2024)
Same author and year
Parenthetical(Silva, 2024a, 2024b)
NarrativeSilva (2024a)
No date
Parenthetical(Silva, n.d.)
NarrativeSilva (n.d.)
Secondary source
Parenthetical(Silva, 2010, as cited in Costa, 2020)
NarrativeSilva (2010, as cited in Costa, 2020)
Direct quotation
Parenthetical(Silva, 2024, p. 12)
NarrativeSilva (2024) stated that “…” (p. 12)
  • Short quotations (fewer than 40 words) stay in the text, in double quotation marks, with the page number.
  • Block quotations (40 words or more) start on a new line, indented 1.25 cm, without quotation marks; the citation comes after the final punctuation.
  • Paraphrases need author and year; a page number is recommended for long or specific passages.
  • Use secondary sources sparingly: whenever possible, consult and cite the original work.
Reference list
  • Title “References”, centered and bold, on a new page; entries in alphabetical order by the first author’s surname (then by year), with a hanging indent of 1.25 cm.
  • Give surnames and initials. List up to 20 authors; for 21 or more, give the first 19, an ellipsis (…) and the last author.
  • Titles of articles, chapters and books in sentence case (only the first word, the first word after a colon and proper nouns capitalized); journal names in Title Case and italic with the volume.
  • Present the DOI as a full URL (https://doi.org/10.xxxx/xxxxx), always active. If there is no DOI, give the URL of the page. Do not write “Retrieved from” unless the content changes over time.
  • Use an en dash (–) in page ranges. Do not add the publisher’s location.
Journal article
Reference list formatSilva, A. B., & Costa, C. D. (2024). Title of the article in sentence case. Title of the Journal, 12(3), 45–67. https://doi.org/10.xxxx/xxxxx
Book
Reference list formatSilva, A. B. (2023). Title of the book in sentence case (2nd ed.). Publisher.
Chapter in an edited book
Reference list formatCosta, C. D. (2022). Title of the chapter. In E. F. Souza (Ed.), Title of the book (pp. 101–120). Publisher. https://doi.org/10.xxxx/xxxxx
Report by an organization (e.g., industry or market report)
Reference list formatBrazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. (2023). Title of the report. https://www.exemplo.org/relatorio
Company annual report
Reference list formatCompany Name Inc. (2023). Annual report 2022. https://www.exemplo.com/ri
Thesis or dissertation
Reference list formatSilva, A. B. (2021). Title of the thesis [Doctoral dissertation, University Name]. Repository Name. https://xxxx
Conference paper
Reference list formatCosta, C. D. (2023, June 5–7). Title of the paper [Paper presentation]. Name of the Conference, City, Country. https://xxxx
Preprint
Reference list formatSilva, A. B. (2024). Title of the preprint. SSRN. https://doi.org/10.xxxx/xxxxx
Web page or news article
Reference list formatAuthor. (2024, March 8). Title of the page. Site Name. https://xxxx
Dataset
Reference list formatAuthor, A. A. (2023). Title of the dataset (Version 2) [Data set]. Publisher. https://doi.org/10.xxxx/xxxxx
Software
Reference list formatAuthor, A. A. (2022). Title of the software (Version 1.4) [Computer software]. Publisher. https://xxxx
Generative AI tool
Reference list formatOpenAI. (2023). ChatGPT (Mar 14 version) [Large language model]. https://chat.openai.com/chat
Non-English source
Reference list formatBiancolino, C. A., Kniess, C. T., Maccari, E. A., & Rabechini Jr., R. (2012). Protocolo para elaboração de relatos de produção técnica [Protocol for preparing technical production reports]. Revista de Gestão e Projetos, 3(2), 294–307. https://doi.org/10.5585/gep.v3i2.121

For legal or normative sources, follow the legal citation rules of APA 7. For other jurisdictions, keep the official elements of the source (body, number, date, publication) and give a translation of the title in brackets when helpful.

Tables and figures
  • Tables: the label (Table 1) in bold above, the title on the next line in italic Title Case. Use horizontal lines only (top, below the header and bottom), without vertical lines; the table must be editable, not an image. 10 pt font (RMR template).
  • Figures: the label (Figure 1) in bold above, the title on the next line in italic Title Case. Minimum 300 dpi, legible in grayscale, with alternative text.
  • Notes go below, starting with Note. in italic (source, explanations, abbreviations); use letters for specific notes and asterisks for probability levels.
  • Source: for reproduced or adapted material write Note. Adapted from or From followed by the citation, and obtain permission when required.
  • Cite every table and figure in the text (“as shown in Table 1”) and place it right after the first mention, in the body of the text.
Numbers and statistics
  • Words for numbers from zero to nine (“five participants”); numerals for 10 and above (“12 participants”).
  • Numerals always for measurements, statistics, percentages (25%), dates, times, ages and scores; start a sentence with words, not numerals.
  • Statistical symbols in italic: M, SD, n, N, p, t, F, r.
  • P values: report exact values (p = .03) and use p < .001 for smaller values; no zero before the decimal point for values that cannot exceed 1 (.05).
  • Currencies: use the code (BRL, USD) or the symbol consistently. Keep the decimal separator consistent with the manuscript’s language (comma in Portuguese and Spanish; point in English).
Language and style
  • Clarity: precise, concise and formal language, avoiding colloquial expressions, jargon and unnecessary words. Prefer the active voice.
  • Verb tense: past tense for the literature review and the method (“Silva (2024) found…”); present tense for discussion and conclusions (“These findings suggest…”).
  • Bias-free language: respect the preferences of the groups described, use specific terms (age, gender, race, disability), and the singular “they” when appropriate.
  • Abbreviations: define at first use, with the full term first (customer relationship management [CRM]); use “e.g.,” and “i.e.,” only inside parentheses, with a comma after them.
  • Punctuation: use the serial comma (“A, B, and C”); one space after periods; italics only for terms being introduced, titles and statistical symbols.
  • Capitalization: Title Case in headings; sentence case in table and figure notes and in reference titles.
  • Manager-reader: in technological articles and experience reports, describe the solution concretely and define technical and market terms at first use.
Reference managers and DOI checks

Reference managers help, but you remain responsible. Use a manager such as Zotero (free and open source), Mendeley, EndNote or JabRef. In Zotero, select the style “American Psychological Association 7th edition” and add items by DOI, ISBN or URL (or with the browser connector), so that authors, title, volume, issue, pages and the complete DOI come from the source.

  • Always review the generated references: imports often bring wrong capitalization, truncated authors and incomplete data.
  • Check that every DOI opens the right article; missing DOIs can be looked up on Crossref.
  • Never trust references generated by AI tools; import them from the original source and verify each one.
  • Keep a copy of the file with the manager’s fields active for revisions; the file you submit must have the final APA text.
Final checklist
1. Citations and list match
Every in-text citation is in the reference list, with the same spelling and year, and vice versa.
2. Complete references
Authors, year, title, source, volume, issue, pages and DOI (as a URL) are present and active; no “Retrieved from” for stable sources.
3. Format of titles
Sentence case in article and book titles; journal names in Title Case and italic.
4. Headings and layout
Up to three heading levels, in order and not numbered; Times New Roman 12 pt, 1.5 spacing, 1.25 cm indent, 2.5 cm margins; hanging indent in the list.
5. Tables and figures
Numbered, titled, cited in the text, with source and notes; tables editable; figures at 300 dpi with alternative text.
6. Numbers and statistics
Numbers formatted as in Section 6; statistical symbols in italic.
7. Anonymization
No author names or identifying metadata in the main file; self-citations masked.
Questions? Contact the Editorial Office of the journal through its contact page. Official reference: apastyle.apa.org